Publication Ethics

• Editorial independence and academic freedom
• Rigorous, impartial, and confidential peer review
• Research and publication integrity
• Transparency in editorial decision-making
• Responsible authorship and contributorship
• Disclosure of funding and competing interests
• Ethical treatment of research participants and communities
• Linguistic, cultural, geographical, and intellectual diversity
• Appropriate correction, retraction, and preservation of the scholarly record
• Responsible and transparent use of artificial intelligence
• Long-term accessibility and digital preservation of published content

The journal maintains separate policies covering authorship and contributorship, peer review, competing interests, research ethics, plagiarism and text recycling, artificial intelligence, data availability, corrections and retractions, complaints and appeals, copyright and licensing, publication charges, and digital preservation.